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\n\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644: \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627: \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629. 28 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2022. (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 1 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2023).\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/a><\/h6>\n[2]<\/sup><\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a:<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong><\/h6>\n[3]<\/sup><\/a> Minorities and indigenous peoples in Syria, Minority Rights Group<\/a>:\u00a0\u00a0\/<\/a><\/strong><\/h6>\n[4]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0\u0647\u064a\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0634\u060c \u0631\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646: \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c\u00a0\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0644\u064a\u062c\u00a02001\u060c \u0635 18<\/strong><\/h6>\n[5]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0634\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 1961 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/h6>\n[6]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0For histories of the formation and development of the Syrian State since the end of WW1 see: Van Dam, N. (2011).\u00a0The struggle for power in Syria: Politics and Society under Asad and the Ba\u2019th Party<\/em>. I. B. Tauris; Hinnebusch, R. A. (2023).\u00a0Authoritarian Power and State Formation in Ba`thist Syria: Army, Party, and Peasant<\/em>. Routledge; Ma\u02bboz, M., Ginat, J., & Winckler, O. (1999).\u00a0Modern Syria: From Ottoman Rule to Pivotal Role in the Middle East<\/em>; Ziser, E. (2001).\u00a0Asad\u2019s legacy: Syria in Transition<\/em>. C. HURST & CO. PUBLISHERS; Wedeen, L. (2015).\u00a0Ambiguities of domination: Politics, Rhetoric, and Symbols in Contemporary Syria<\/em>. University of Chicago Press; George, A. (2003).\u00a0Syria: Neither Bread Nor Freedom<\/em>. Zed Books.<\/strong><\/h6>\n<\/h6>\n[7]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 94 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2012\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c 27 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637\/ \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2012\u00a0 (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: 29 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2023)<\/strong><\/h6>\nhttp:\/\/www.parliament.gov.sy\/arabic\/index.php?node=5518&cat=423&<\/a><\/strong><\/h6>\n[8]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c 27 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637\/ \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2012 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\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/ \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2023)<\/a><\/strong><\/h6>\n\u00a0[10]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a 100 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2011\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: 15 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631\u00a0 2023)<\/a><\/strong><\/h6>\n\u00a0[11]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2011\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c 2023.<\/a><\/strong><\/h6>\nhttps:\/\/asostudies.com\/ar\/node\/343<\/a><\/strong><\/h6>\n[17]<\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627: \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/strong><\/h6>\n[18]<\/a>\u00a0\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u062d \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0633\u0647\u0645.. \u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0648 \u0625\u062f\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c 26 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2022 (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: 18 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2023).<\/a><\/strong><\/h6>\n\u00a0[19]<\/a>\u00a0\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0625\u062f\u0644\u0628 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0645.. \u062a\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c 18 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2022 (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: 18 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2023).<\/a><\/strong><\/h6>\n\u00a0[20]<\/sup><\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0639\u0648\u062b \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627:<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/h6>\n[21]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Shaar, K. and Dasouki, A. \u201cSyria\u2019s Constitutional Committee: The Devil in the Detail\u201d, 12 December 2023.<\/a><\/strong><\/h6>\n\u00a0[22]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u061f \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c 25 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2023 (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: 19 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2023).<\/a><\/strong><\/h6>\n\u00a0[23]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0643\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u201d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c 22 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637\/\u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2021 (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: 19 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2023).<\/a><\/strong><\/h6>\n
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\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0![\"\"](\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/euphratespost.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/twitter_PNG19.png?resize=33%2C33&ssl=1\")
<\/a>![\"\"](\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/euphratespost.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/facebook.png?resize=33%2C33&ssl=1\")
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\n <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/pro-justice.org\/justice\/\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639-\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631-\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a-\u0623\u0637\u0631-\u0646\u0638.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ar_AR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"[:ar]\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a: \u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0636\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0636\u0629 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<\/a>3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629:<\/strong><\/h4>\n
<\/a>3.1\u00a0<\/strong>. \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a:<\/strong><\/h5>\n
<\/a>3.2\u00a0<\/strong>\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/h5>\n
<\/a>4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/h4>\n
<\/a>5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a:<\/strong><\/h4>\n
<\/a>6.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/h4>\n
<\/a>7.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/h4>\n
\n
\n
\n\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644: \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627: \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629. 28 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2022. (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 1 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2023).\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/a><\/h6>\n
[2]<\/sup><\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a:<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong><\/h6>\n
[3]<\/sup><\/a> Minorities and indigenous peoples in Syria, Minority Rights Group<\/a>:\u00a0\u00a0\/<\/a><\/strong><\/h6>\n
[4]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0\u0647\u064a\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0634\u060c \u0631\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646: \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c\u00a0\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0644\u064a\u062c\u00a02001\u060c \u0635 18<\/strong><\/h6>\n
[5]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0634\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 1961 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/h6>\n
[6]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0For histories of the formation and development of the Syrian State since the end of WW1 see: Van Dam, N. (2011).\u00a0The struggle for power in Syria: Politics and Society under Asad and the Ba\u2019th Party<\/em>. I. B. Tauris; Hinnebusch, R. A. (2023).\u00a0Authoritarian Power and State Formation in Ba`thist Syria: Army, Party, and Peasant<\/em>. Routledge; Ma\u02bboz, M., Ginat, J., & Winckler, O. (1999).\u00a0Modern Syria: From Ottoman Rule to Pivotal Role in the Middle East<\/em>; Ziser, E. (2001).\u00a0Asad\u2019s legacy: Syria in Transition<\/em>. C. HURST & CO. PUBLISHERS; Wedeen, L. (2015).\u00a0Ambiguities of domination: Politics, Rhetoric, and Symbols in Contemporary Syria<\/em>. University of Chicago Press; George, A. (2003).\u00a0Syria: Neither Bread Nor Freedom<\/em>. Zed Books.<\/strong><\/h6>\n
<\/h6>\n
[7]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 94 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2012\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c 27 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637\/ \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2012\u00a0 (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: 29 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2023)<\/strong><\/h6>\n
http:\/\/www.parliament.gov.sy\/arabic\/index.php?node=5518&cat=423&<\/a><\/strong><\/h6>\n
[8]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c 27 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637\/ \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2012 (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: 6 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/ \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2023)<\/a><\/strong><\/h6>\n
\u00a0[9]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0643\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u201d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c 22 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637\/\u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2021: (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: 6 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/ \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2023)<\/a><\/strong><\/h6>\n
\u00a0[10]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a 100 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2011\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: 15 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631\u00a0 2023)<\/a><\/strong><\/h6>\n
\u00a0[11]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c 19\u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\/\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u00a0\u00a0 2023(\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: 15 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631\u00a0 2023)<\/strong><\/h6>\n
2023:\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/a><\/h6>\n
[12]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641\u060c \u0622\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062f\u060c \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 2 \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644\/\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2010 (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: 16 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631\u00a0 2023):\u00a0\u0622\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648<\/a>\u00a0\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627<\/a>\u00a0\u0641\u064a<\/a>\u00a0\u0639\u0647\u062f<\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633<\/a>\u00a0\u0628\u0634\u0627\u0631<\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062f<\/a>\u00a0(<\/a>elaph<\/a>.<\/a>com<\/a>)<\/a><\/strong><\/h6>\n
[13]<\/sup><\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627: \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c 5 \u00a0\u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644\/\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2022 (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: 16 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631\u00a0 2023<\/a>) :\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/h6>\n
[14]<\/sup><\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642:<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong><\/h6>\n
[15]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641 (2012)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644\/\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2016.<\/strong><\/h6>\n
[16]<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0 \u0647\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0631\u0634\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2011\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c 2023.<\/a><\/strong><\/h6>\n
https:\/\/asostudies.com\/ar\/node\/343<\/a><\/strong><\/h6>\n
[17]<\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627: \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/strong><\/h6>\n
[18]<\/a>\u00a0\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u062d \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0633\u0647\u0645.. \u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0648 \u0625\u062f\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c 26 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2022 (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: 18 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2023).<\/a><\/strong><\/h6>\n
\u00a0[19]<\/a>\u00a0\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0625\u062f\u0644\u0628 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0645.. \u062a\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c 18 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2022 (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: 18 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2023).<\/a><\/strong><\/h6>\n
\u00a0[20]<\/sup><\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0639\u0648\u062b \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627:<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/h6>\n
[21]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Shaar, K. and Dasouki, A. \u201cSyria\u2019s Constitutional Committee: The Devil in the Detail\u201d, 12 December 2023.<\/a><\/strong><\/h6>\n
\u00a0[22]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u061f \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c 25 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2023 (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: 19 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2023).<\/a><\/strong><\/h6>\n
\u00a0[23]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0643\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u201d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c 22 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637\/\u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2021 (\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: 19 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2023).<\/a><\/strong><\/h6>\n
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