This report is a necessary tool for all those fighting for justice, accountability, and the defense of human rights to hold the Russian government fully responsible for the intervention in Syria, one that is not based on any legitimate basis of international law. 

The first chapter sheds light on the tools that were used by the regime to circumvent international sanctions, and suggests how those who facilitated these tools could be punished by international organizations.

Blacklist: violations committed by the most prominent figures and How to bring them to justice

Several videos were circulating online in which an Iraqi young man residing in Norway confesses to having committed several murders and grave violations in Syria, when he was affiliated with PMF. This militia fought alongside the Syrian government forces.

The Syrian Center for Media and Freedom of Expression (SCM), along with a number of Syrian human rights organizations, contributed to building the lawsuit file, in cooperation with Trial International, which had filed the complaint in 2013.

Syria has never provided a full accounting of its chemical weapons program. And, despite its obligations under Resolution 2118 to fully cooperate with the OPCW, it has repeatedly obstructed the OPCW’s work. 

Western governments have faced mounting criticism for not taking back more of their citizens who traveled to Iraq and Syria to volunteer for the Daesh group.

I couldn’t speak so I walked with them as if I were floating in space and we never returned to the cells. My loved ones’ fate is unknown, as is the fate of tens of thousands, if not hundreds of thousands, of Syrians.

The Syrian Regime Has Killed Hundreds of Forcibly Disappeared Persons in its Prisons, Including Prominent Activists from the Uprising against its Rule.

If come December, international relations deteriorate and the final border crossing into Syria is closed, it is the people of Syria who will pay the highest price.

Cluster bombs, mines and other remnants of war are a daily danger for Syrian farmers as well as leaving a toxic legacy that could contaminate the soil for decades.

This is a good start, although, given the scale of the crimes committed, what is really required is the formation of a special international criminal tribunal at The Hague dedicated to Syria-related cases would serve to accelerate the criminal-justice accountability process.

The Assad regime with top-ranking military officials established the People’s Committees, which mostly consisted of Alawite citizens

Following the capture of Baghouz, SDF officials called for an international tribunal to help prosecute the more than 1,000 foreign fighters in its custody

Discussions about who deserves to be tried, and who deserves amnesty, are integral to any post-conflict criminal accountability process

“Because how long do you want to go on courting a mukhabarat[intelligence] officer,” asked Uğur. “I think that the moment where he opened up about his brother, and that he committed revenge, that’s as close as you can get in this particular context.”

Under international laws, children benefit from the protections granted to civilian non-combatants

Each State Party undertakes to destroy chemical weapons it owns or possesses, or that are located in any place under its jurisdiction or control, in accordance with the provisions of this Convention.

These crimes have been documented by the UN Human Rights Council (UNHRC) and the independent, international commission of inquiry established by council resolution S-17/1 of 23 August 2011.

Reuters published an investigation of Qaterji Group’s role in oil provision on 11 October 2017, titled “How a businessman struck a deal with Islamic State to help Assad feed Syrians

Rami Makhlouf embarked on his path in corruption early, taking advantage of the commercial embargo on Syria in the 1980s to smuggle foodstuffs, electrical supplies, and industrial equipment from Lebanon and Turkey

Khaldoun Makhlouf’s capital comes from two main sources. His first source of capital comes from funds raised through his father ‘Adnan Makhlouf’s corruption, bribes, and blackmail activities committed under the cover of Basil al-Asaad

Major General Jawdat oversaw the chemical attack on the eastern Ghouta, which killed 1127 people, including 201 women and 107 children