The first chapter sheds light on the tools that were used by the regime to circumvent international sanctions, and suggests how those who facilitated these tools could be punished by international organizations.

Blacklist: violations committed by the most prominent figures and How to bring them to justice

Revelations about London company reinforce suspicions that Beirut, and not Mozambique, was intended destination of ammonium nitrate.

The Syrian government puts swaths of highly profitable agricultural lands, owned by displaced persons, up for auction.

The U.S. and other western countries have intensified sanctions against Assad and his government and allies, blaming them for the killings of hundreds of thousands of civilians.

Report says arrest and extortion of Syrian population is major source of funding for Assad regime

Killings of IDPs and Deaths by Mines and Remote Bombings Stood Out Among Killings in Syria in 2020

The war in Syria, which began almost a decade ago, makes it the only country where the outlawed bombs have been repeatedly used since 2012.

Later, my worries increased and I decided to leave Aleppo. I felt I am betraying my husband by abandoning him to his fate.

I was referred to Sednayah prison on September 20, 2018. There we were received with beating as is the norm in the Red Building, then they put me in a solitary cell until 12 November, the same year.

The Assad regime with top-ranking military officials established the People’s Committees, which mostly consisted of Alawite citizens

Following the capture of Baghouz, SDF officials called for an international tribunal to help prosecute the more than 1,000 foreign fighters in its custody

Discussions about who deserves to be tried, and who deserves amnesty, are integral to any post-conflict criminal accountability process

Unfortunately, this feeling of being ignored by Italy has been reinforced with the latest elections which have been won by the Northern League and the Five Stars Movement, two parties which had several times expressed their support towards Russia and Assad regime’s ‘fight against terrorism’

Under international laws, children benefit from the protections granted to civilian non-combatants

Each State Party undertakes to destroy chemical weapons it owns or possesses, or that are located in any place under its jurisdiction or control, in accordance with the provisions of this Convention.

These crimes have been documented by the UN Human Rights Council (UNHRC) and the independent, international commission of inquiry established by council resolution S-17/1 of 23 August 2011.

Reuters published an investigation of Qaterji Group’s role in oil provision on 11 October 2017, titled “How a businessman struck a deal with Islamic State to help Assad feed Syrians

Rami Makhlouf embarked on his path in corruption early, taking advantage of the commercial embargo on Syria in the 1980s to smuggle foodstuffs, electrical supplies, and industrial equipment from Lebanon and Turkey

Khaldoun Makhlouf’s capital comes from two main sources. His first source of capital comes from funds raised through his father ‘Adnan Makhlouf’s corruption, bribes, and blackmail activities committed under the cover of Basil al-Asaad

Major General Jawdat oversaw the chemical attack on the eastern Ghouta, which killed 1127 people, including 201 women and 107 children